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Tobacco use, cessation and related disparities among people living with substance use disorders and people living with mental illness

There are an estimated 52.9 million adults (21.0% of the adult population) suffering 
from mental health disorders (MHDs) in the United States (1). Among those with 
mental health disorders,~ 17 million are also diagnosed with a cooccurring …

Document Category
Dimensions of Wellbeing

Equitable Mental Health care Is Mental Health care for All

"All have their worth and each contributes to the worth of
the others." The Silmarillion, by J.R.R. Tolkien
In my view, this quote captures the drive to achieve
equity in mental health care. All people have worth, and
every person's worth adds to the worth of every other per-
son. Our psychiatric-mental health nursing care is driven
by this absolute belief that all people are of equal worth,
of equal value.

Document Category
Dimensions of Wellbeing

The Relationship Between Trauma and Substance Use Among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Trauma exposure is prevalent in the general population, but healthcare workers may be at greater risks for additional work-related trauma. Trauma is a known risk factor for substance use, particularly tobacco and risky alcohol use. Few studies have examined the relationship between trauma and substance use in healthcare workers. Among healthcare workers, the aims of our study were to examine (a) frequency of current tobacco use and risky alcohol use, (b) frequency and types of traumatic experiences, and (c) the associations between trauma experiences and current tobacco and risky alcohol use controlling for demographic factors. This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from healthcare workers (N = 850) in an academic medical center. 

Document Category
Dimensions of Wellbeing

Diversity as a Solution to Health Inequities and Disparities

In December 2021, my wife and I took a brief week-long
trip to a beautiful coastal city in the Southeast United
States. On the last day, while returning from the beach, I
noticed a patrol car trailing behind me. Approaching the
street of my accommodation, I turned on my left-turn sig-
nal and eased into the turning lane. The patrol car fol-
lowed.

Document Category
Dimensions of Wellbeing

Board of Directors’ Column: Novel IDEAS Moving Whole Health Forward

Mental health is foundational to whole health! (American
Psychiatric Nurses Association [APNA], 2020;
McLoughin, 2016). Without such a key perspective, we
are disadvantaged in our efforts to prevent mental health
disorders and support recovery while navigating the com-
plex social determinants of health affecting our patients,
their families, their communities, and even our own
workforce.

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Enhancing Provider Delivery of Tobacco Treatment Within the Inpatient Psychiatric Setting

People with mental illnesses (MI) smoke at higher rates than the general population. However, few mental health providers (MHPs) deliver tobacco treatment to patients with MI especially within inpatient psychiatric settings. According to evidence, fewer than half of MHPs in the US mental and behavioral health settings provide the recommended evidence-based tobacco treatment interventions to their clients with MI. This paper uses the theory of planned behavior to examine factors associated with provider intentions to deliver and their experiences in providing evidence-based tobacco treatment to clients with MI. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 219 providers in a state psychiatric hospital in Kentucky. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were associated with providers’ intentions to deliver tobacco treatment when controlling for demographic and work-related variables. However, only profession, subjective norms, and attitudes were associated with reported provision of evidence-based tobacco treatment. Given the underuse of routine tobacco treatment for this vulnerable population, understanding factors influencing provider delivery of tobacco treatment is needed to guide strategies for reducing the disproportionate rates of tobacco use and related burden among people with MI.

Document Category
Dimensions of Wellbeing

Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Nursing Staff at an Academic Medical Center: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Background: Although several studies have recently described compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in nurses, few to date have examined these issues across nursing specialties. Such examination is needed to inform future nursing-subspecialty tailored interventions.

Aims: To examine (1) differences in CS, BO, and STS across nursing specialties and (2) differences associated with demographic, work-related, and behavioral factors among nurses.

Method: A secondary analysis of survey responses from nurses (N = 350) at an academic medical center. Demographic, behavioral, work-related, and professional quality of life variables were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses.

Results: CS, BO, and STS scores significantly varied across specialties with emergency nurses experiencing significantly elevated rates of BO and STS, and lowest rates of CS; scores were also differentially associated with demographic, work-related, behavioral, and workplace violence variables.

Conclusions: Key differences in CS, BO, and STS by nursing specialty suggests the importance of tailoring BO and STS mitigative interventions. BO and STS risk factors should be assessed in nurses (e.g., behavioral health problems and poor sleep quality) and specialty-specific interventions (e.g., reducing workplace violence exposure in emergency settings) may be considered to improve CS while reducing BO and STS among nurses.

Document Category
Dimensions of Wellbeing

The effect of long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications compared with oral antipsychotic medications among people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications may be an important modality of reducing costs, improving symptoms, and fostering quality of life outcomes for those with schizophrenia. Our objective was to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of LAIs compared with oral antipsychotics on medication adherence, symptom remission/relapse, rehospitalization, outpatient visits, emergency department visits, healthcare costs, and social functioning. We performed a systematic search of PsycInfo, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases to examine studies meeting inclusion criteria prior to August 30th, 2020. Randomized controlled trials, retrospective studies, prospective studies among people with schizophrenia with at least 6-month follow-up data were obtained. Overall effect sizes and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with random-effects modeling. We found 75 articles meeting our inclusion criteria, including 341 730 individuals with schizophrenia. Systematic review results indicated that LAIs compared with orals improved medication adherence (25/29 studies), symptom remission/relapse (10/18 studies), rehospitalizations (26/49 studies), emergency department visits (9/17 studies), medical costs (11/15 studies), and social functioning (5/9 studies); however, LAIs also increased outpatient visits (7/16 studies) and pharmacy costs (10/10 studies). Meta-analytic results of studies with similar outcome measures did not find differences between LAIs and orals in respect to outcomes, except lowering emergency department visits and increasing pharmacy costs. The differences between the results of the narrative synthesis and the meta-analyses were possibly because of the low availability of studies with similar outcomes in the pooled analyses. Our overall results suggest that LAIs are at least comparable to orals in supporting important healthcare outcomes for those with schizophrenia. These findings support clinical practice in encouraging providers to prescribe LAIs when indicated.

Document Category
Dimensions of Wellbeing